| Book in print (one author) |
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book (# ed.). Publisher. |
Greenhalgh, T. (2019). How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine and healthcare (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
| Book in print (two+ authors) |
Use an ampersand and a comma to separate the two authors |
|
| eBook |
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book (# ed.). Publisher. URL |
Greenhalgh, T. (2019). How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine and healthcare (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat05324a&AN=flo.2620174&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s5071557 |
| Chapter in print or eBook (citing page numbers isn’t required for an eBook) |
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of chapter. Title of book, (pp. X-XX). Publisher. URL |
Greenhalgh, T. (2019). Searching for Literature. How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine and healthcare (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat05324a&AN=flo.2620174&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s5071557 |
| Journal article (one author) |
Lastname, F.M. (Year). Title of article. Journal title, volume number(issue number), pages. DOI |
See below example |
| Journal article (two+ authors) |
Use an ampersand and a comma to separate the two authors |
Drollinger, T., Comer, L. B., & Warrington, P. T. (2006). Development and validation of the active empathetic listening scale. Psychology & Marketing, 23(2), 161-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20105 |
| Organization as author |
Write the organization's whole name |
American Psychological Association |
| Lecture/presentation (when citing online lecture notes, be sure to provide the file format in brackets after the lecture title) |
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Day). Title of presentation [Lecture notes, PowerPoint slides, etc]. Publisher. URL (if applicable) |
Edmonds, H. (2020, February 11). Using other people’s work [Lecture notes]. |
| Personal communication (i.e. patient interview) |
A formal citation is not required. In-text: Something like, “As part of my study, I interviewed a patient…” |
|
| UpToDate or DynaMed |
Lastname, F. M. (Year topic was last updated). Title of entry. In F. M. Lastname (ed.), Title of reference work (# ed., if available). Publisher. Retrieved Month Day, Year from URL or DOI |
Jacobs, D. S. (2021). Cataract in adults. In UpToDate. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cataract-in-adults |
| Image |
Give the name of the organization or individual followed by the date and the title. If there is no title: in brackets, you should provide a brief explanation of what type of data is there and in what form it appears. Include the URL and the retrieval date if there is no publication date. |
Google. (n.d.). [Google Map of New England College of Optometry]. Retrieved January 18, 2022, from https://goo.gl/maps/4vmL6VTkwqAF7Lgz6 |
